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(Gender-Neutral) Conscription in the Nordic Countries' Armed Forces
Šťastníková, Štěpánka ; Plechanovová, Běla (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
While conscription has been experiencing a modest, albeit notable comeback in the past decade, the emergence of its gender-neutral variant is largely overlooked. Through a comparative case study of Norway, Sweden, and Finland, this thesis explores the reasons that led to or hindered the introduction of gender-neutral conscription in the three Nordic countries. Given the countries' similarities in many areas, the thesis aims to explain why Norway and Sweden introduced gender-neutral conscription, whereas Finland retained conscription only for men. To do that, the three cases are analysed using an original framework based on the surveyed literature, which features the following factors: national security situation, role and character of conscription, its legitimisation, integration of women into the military and thematization of gender equality in the military. On the one hand, the analysis identifies common patterns in the cases of Norway and Sweden across most of the factors. In the two countries, the security situation was perceived to be relatively favourable, conscription was used as a tool for the recruitment of future active-duty soldiers and thus the practice was considerably selective, conscription was reformulated to address changing circumstances, women were integrated into the military...
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Estonia as a Nordic Country?
Vejmělek, Tomáš ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Skálová, Barbora (referee)
The following thesis deals with two primary matters. The first being the effort of Estonian politicians to change how Estonia's regional belonging is viewed by other countries before the admission into the European Union. These efforts can be illustrated by political actions whose aim was to create the image of Estonia as a Nordic country. These efforts slightly diminished after the admission into the European Union although on some levels they can be still observed. Despite close cooperation Estonia isn't adequate member of Nordic countries to this day. This thesis aspires to explain reasons for these action of Estonian politicians and why they were left off after the admission into EU. The second matter being the region of Nordic countries. Collective Nordic identity helped establish transnational cooperation among involved nations which represents one of the essential characteristics of a Nordic country. The emphasis is on historical context of Nordic identity and the development of Nordic cooperation from its initiation until current state. First the thesis introduces a theoretical insight into the region matters. Consequently it deals with the first matter, the efforts to redefine Estonia as a Nordic country, which is followed by analysis of the concept of a Nordic country and Nordic...
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Local Political Systems in the Nordic Countries
Polinec, Martin ; Jüptner, Petr (advisor) ; Čmejrek, Jaroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with local polity, politics and policies in the Nordic countries. The main aim of this thesis is to study local polity, politics and policies in the Nordic countries and then identify what are the most important common features of these countries and the most significant differences between them. The first chapter deals with known theoretical approaches to distinctions between local government systems. This chapter presents some typologies of local government systems. Another four chapters are dedicated to local politics in the Nordic countries. The second chapter is focused on Sweden. The third chapter deals with Denmark. The fourth chapter is focused on Norway, while the fifth chapter on Iceland. The each of these four chapters is split into several subchapters, which are focused especially on competencies, tasks and duties of municipalities, structure and functioning of municipal institutions, forms of intermunicipal cooperation, number and size of municipalities, structure of municipal earnings and expenditures and other financing matters, electoral and party systems at local level, neighborhood councils, user democracy and free commune experiments. The last chapter summarizes and compares findings. Conclusion presents the most evident common features of local polity, politics and...
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Transformations of the Nordic Model of Peace Operations
Jašová, Lucie ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with cooperation of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in the area of peace operations from the beginning of Cold War till today on the background of a new institutionalism theory a small countries concept. Its goal is to find how the Nordic participation in peace operations developed in United Nations, NATO and in the European Union. First this study introduces theoretical basis; the main focus is on analysis of the Nordic peace operations model and on its gradual transformation. In the course of solution there were used qualitative and quantitative data from professional texts and available statistics. On the basis of the results it was found that Nordic participation from the second half of 1990s was rapidly reducing mostly on account of institutional changes in the peace operations concept itself and disparate national interests of individual states.
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Security Integration of the Nordic Countries after the Second World War: More than a Security Community
Pazderník, Martin ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Smetana, Michal (referee)
This thesis deals primarily with the security integration of the Nordic countries after the end of World War II. It uses the constructivist concept of security community by Karl Deutsch and his revised version by authors Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett. It tries to apply the proposed concept to the case of emerging and evolving of the security community in the Nordic region. Additionally, it attempts to deep analysis of the institutionalization of the security cooperation, which came after the end of the Cold War, and describes its limits and potential for the future. Finally, it examines the motives of the Nordic countries' joint participation in the international peacekeeping operations and the potential impact of such participation in shaping and strengthening the Nordic collective identity, which is a cornerstone for such communities.
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Comparison of development of selected demographic characteristic in the Nordic countries since 1990
Klapková, Michaela ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Comparison of development of selected demographic characteristics in the Nordic countries since 1990 Abstract The objective of this study is to compare the development of selected demographic characteristics in the Nordic countries since 1990. In this paper the Nordic countries are defined as a five state formations in Northern Europe: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The analysis shows that the demographic development of Nordic countries is not the same and each state has its own specifics. As expected, the most distinct development had Iceland, which thanks to higher fertility rate had younger age structure. Different development had also Finland, which was aging the most and had a lower life expectancy at birth for men. Surprisingly low mortality rates were observed in Denmark, in particular for women. The curve of total fertility rate in Sweden, which was quite different from the rest of the Nordic countries, was following its rollercoaster pattern also in the period 1990-2011. The uniqueness in demographic behaviour of the Nordic countries was confirmed by the results of cluster analysis. In 1990 and 2011, these five states were in one cluster mainly due to the high percentage of live births outside marriage and in 2011 also due to higher total fertility rate. Because these states were...
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Estonia as a Nordic Country?
Vejmělek, Tomáš ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Skálová, Barbora (referee)
The following thesis deals with two primary matters. The first being the effort of Estonian politicians to change how Estonia's regional belonging is viewed by other countries before the admission into the European Union. These efforts can be illustrated by political actions whose aim was to create the image of Estonia as a Nordic country. These efforts slightly diminished after the admission into the European Union although on some levels they can be still observed. Despite close cooperation Estonia isn't adequate member of Nordic countries to this day. This thesis aspires to explain reasons for these action of Estonian politicians and why they were left off after the admission into EU. The second matter being the region of Nordic countries. Collective Nordic identity helped establish transnational cooperation among involved nations which represents one of the essential characteristics of a Nordic country. The emphasis is on historical context of Nordic identity and the development of Nordic cooperation from its initiation until current state. First the thesis introduces a theoretical insight into the region matters. Consequently it deals with the first matter, the efforts to redefine Estonia as a Nordic country, which is followed by analysis of the concept of a Nordic country and Nordic...
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The Nordic Welfare State Model
Fekete, Mátyás ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
The Nordic welfare state is usually referred to as the most successful model of its kind; this social system based on the principle of universalism is a common ideal for other European states. The goal of the diploma thesis The Nordic Welfare State Model is to introduce this social model, both from a theoretical and practical point of view. The description of theoretic models as well as the history of European welfare states are vital in order to understand the functioning of social systems; however the main purpose of this paper is to characterize the Nordic welfare state model through the examples of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and to capture the main commonalities and disparities in comparison with the rest of Europe. Based on up-to-date analyses of mainly Scandinavian researchers as well as reports of international organizations this paper offers an extensive analysis of the Nordic Welfare State Model.
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The parting of the ways of the Nordic countries in the sphere of security policy after World War II
Manoch, Karel ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Sršeň, Radim (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the parting of the ways of the Nordic countries in the sphere of security policy after World War II. It seeks for the beginnings of the Nordic states cooperation and the roots of the divergent tendencies in their security policies as well. It also observes wider connections and circumstances leading to the break up either directly or indirectly. In the last section, the thesis aims at immediate consequences following the decision of the three Nordic countries to join North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and general and summarizing conclusions are finally drawn.
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